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He ordained twelve - Εποιησε, he made twelve. Here is nothing of what we call ordaining. Christ simply appointed them to be with him; and that he might send them occasionally to preach, etc.
To preach - The Codex Bezae, Saxon, and all the Itala, except one, add το ευαγγελιον, the Gospel.
Albert Barnes
Notes on the Whole Bible
Verses 13-19
For an account of the appointment of the apostles, see the notes at Matthew 10:1-4.
And calleth unto him whom he would - Those whom he chose; whom he was about to appoint to the apostleship. See the notes at John 15:16.
Mark 3:14
He ordained twelve - The word rendered “ordained” here does not express our notion of ordination to the ministry. It means, literally, “he made” - that is, he “appointed” twelve to be with him.
Twelve - The reason why “twelve” were chosen was, probably, that such a number would be deemed competent witnesses of what they saw; that they could not be easily charged with being excited by sympathy, or being deluded, as a multitude might; and that, being destined to go into all the world, a considerable number seemed indispensable. Perhaps, also, there was some reference to the fact that “twelve” was the number of the twelve tribes of Israel.
Mark 3:17
Boanerges - This word is made up of two Hebrew words signifying “sons of thunder,” meaning that they, on some accounts, “resembled” thunder. See the notes at Matthew 1:1. It is not known why this name was given to James and John. They are nowhere else called by it. Some suppose it was because they wished to call down fire from heaven and consume a certain village of the Samaritans, Luke 9:54. It is, however, more probable that it was on account of something fervid, and glowing, and powerful in their genius and eloquence.
Matthew Henry
Concise Bible Commentary
Christ calls whom he will; for his grace is his own. He had called the apostles to separate themselves from the crowd, and they came unto him. He now gave them power to heal sicknesses, and to cast out devils. May the Lord send forth more and more of those who have been with him, and have learned of him to preach his gospel, to be instruments in his blessed work. Those whose hearts are enlarged in the work of God, can easily bear with what is inconvenient to themselves, and will rather lose a meal than an opportunity of doing good. Those who go on with zeal in the work of God, must expect hinderances, both from the hatred of enemies, and mistaken affections of friends, and need to guard against both.
SDA Bible Commentary (limited)
Volume 1-7
14. Ordained.Gr.poieÅÂ, literally, “to make,” that is, “to appoint.” Although it is true that Jesus actually “ordained” the Twelve upon this occasion (see DA 296), this meaning is not implicit in the Greek word poieÅÂ.
Twelve. Important textual evidence may be cited (cf.p. 146) for adding from Luke 6:13, “whom also he named apostles.” No specific reason is given to explain why twelve—no more and no less—were chosen. One immediately thinks, however, of the twelve sons of Jacob, founders of the twelve tribes of Israel. Five of the men now summoned had been disciples of Jesus from the very beginning of His ministry some two years earlier; these were John, Andrew, Peter, Philip, and Nathanael, or Bartholomew (see John 1:40-49). The first three of this group, together with John’s brother James, had accepted the call by the sea a few months prior to this time (see on Luke 5:11). More recently, Matthew had been added to the group.
The appointment and ordination of the Twelve was an event of major significance in the mission of Jesus. John the Baptist had proclaimed the imminent establishment of “the kingdom of heaven” (Matt. 3:2), and Jesus had repeated this message during the early part of His ministry (see Matt. 4:17), particularly on the First Galilean Tour, recently completed (MB 2, 3). The kingdom Christ established at His first advent was the kingdom of divine grace (see on Matt. 3:2; 5:2), whose King He was. His subjects were those who received Him and believed on His name (see John 1:12). Their hearts were His domain (see on Luke 17:21).
The appointment of the Twelve may well be regarded as the formal inauguration of the kingdom of grace that Christ had come to establish. The Sermon on the Mount, which followed immediately, may be viewed both as Christ’s inaugural address as King of the kingdom of grace, and as the constitution of the new kingdom. Soon after the delivery of this sermon Christ, with the Twelve, set out on the Second Galilean Tour, on which, by precept and example, He demonstrated the nature of the kingdom and the scope of its value to man.
Four lists of the Twelve are given, one each by Matthew (ch.10:2-4) and Mark, and two by Luke, one in his Gospel (ch.6:14-16) and one in the Acts (ch.1:13). These are given below.
The most natural method of grouping the Twelve is to divide them into units of two. When Jesus sent them out on the Third Galilean Tour, He sent them out two by two (see Mark 6:7), brother with brother, and friend with friend (DA 350). The list of Matthew is probably based on this grouping, for after naming the two pairs of brothers, Peter and Andrew, and James and John, he lists the remainder of the Twelve in groups of two, each two
joined by the word “and.” Thus Philip is coupled with Bartholomew (see John 1:45), Thomas with Matthew, James (son of Alphaeus) with Thaddaeus, and Simon (the Canaanite) with Judas Iscariot. Furthermore, Matthew’s list is given in connection with the sending out of the Twelve.
Another natural grouping appears when each of the four lists is divided into three groups of four each. Although the order of the Twelve varies slightly from list to list, yet the four members of each such group are constant in all four lists (except for the third group in Acts 1:13, where Judas Iscariot is missing).
From a human point of view the twelve men appointed and ordained upon this occasion were poor and illiterate, a band of simple Galilean provincials. The disdain with which the Jewish leaders looked upon Jesus’ followers in general led Him, probably a few weeks after this, to relate the parable of the Leaven (see Matt. 13:33; COL 95). The leaven of the transforming grace of God had already begun its work on the hearts of these twelve unpromising, ordinary men, and when they came forth from the period of their discipleship they were no longer uncouth, uncultured, or unlearned (see on Luke 5:11). Three of them became able writers. John was a profound scholar. So far as is known, none of the Twelve had graduated from the rabbinical schools; apparently none were members of the Jewish aristocracy. But as a result they were devoid of the inveterate prejudices that almost always blinded the scribes and the Pharisees to the claims of Jesus.
Be with him. That is, be His disciples, or learners in His school and assist Him in His work. It is apparent from v.13 that there were other “disciples” whom He did not, at least upon this occasion, appoint and ordain to be “apostles” (see on v.13). As “disciples” men came to Christ that they might learn of Him; He sent them forth, as “apostles,” to teach others. The word “apostle” is derived from the Gr.apostolos, which comes from the two words apo, “from,” and stellÅÂ, “to dispatch,” or “to send.” An “apostle” is thus, literally, “one sent forth” (see on Matt. 10:2). The designation “apostles” henceforth distinguished the Twelve from “disciples” in general, not that the Twelve ceased to be disciples but that they became apostles as well.
In a somewhat wider sense Paul often referred to himself as an “apostle” (1 Cor. 4:9; Gal. 1:1; etc.; cf.Heb. 3:1). It is apparent that Paul based his claim to apostleship, however, on the fact that Christ had appeared to him (see 1 Cor. 15:8) and instructed him (see Gal. 1:11, 12). He nevertheless spoke of himself both as “the least of the apostles” (1 Cor. 15:9), and again as being “not a whit behind the very chiefest apostles” (2 Cor. 11:5). Elsewhere he reconciles these two seemingly exclusive thoughts (see 2 Cor. 12:11). In a still wider sense such men as Barnabas, Timothy, and Silas were also called apostles (see Acts 14:14; 1 Thess. 1:1; 2:6). Possibly the term was also applied to any delegate or messenger sent forth by any Christian church as its representative (2 Cor. 8:23; Phil. 2:25).
To preach. Here and in v.15 the two major aspects of Christ’s personal ministry are given as objectives of the ministry of the Twelve also: preaching, for the cure of the soul; and healing, for the cure of the body. Jesus Himself devoted more time to ministering to the physical needs of humanity than to preaching, and the Twelve doubtless followed His example.
Ellen G. White
The Acts of the Apostles, 18
It was at the ordination of the Twelve that the first step was taken in the organization of the church that after Christ's departure was to carry on His work on the earth. Of this ordination the record says, “He goeth up into a mountain, and calleth unto Him whom He would: and they came unto Him. And He ordained twelve, that they should be with Him, and that He might send them forth to preach.” Mark 3:13, 14.AA 18.1
Look upon the touching scene. Behold the Majesty of heaven surrounded by the Twelve whom He has chosen. He is about to set them apart for their work. By these feeble agencies, through His word and Spirit, He designs to place salvation within the reach of all.AA 18.2
With gladness and rejoicing, God and the angels beheld this scene. The Father knew that from these men the light of heaven would shine forth; that the words spoken by them as they witnessed for His Son, would echo from generation to generation till the close of time.AA 18.3
[Appeal for the Work in Australia, Pages 13-15 (1899).]
Both home and foreign missions should be conducted in connection with the ministry of the word. The medical missionary work is not to be carried forward as something apart from the work of the gospel ministry. The Lord's people are to be one. There is to be no separation in His work. Time and means are being absorbed in a work which is carried forward too earnestly in one direction. The Lord has not appointed this. He sent out His twelve apostles and afterward the Seventy to preach the word to the people, and He gave them power to heal the sick and to cast out devils in His name. The two lines of work must not be separated. Satan will invent every possible scheme to separate those whom God is seeking to make one. We must not be misled by his devices. The medical missionary work is to be connected with the third angel's message as the hand is connected with the body; and the education of students in medical missionary lines is not complete unless they are trained to work in connection with the church and the ministry.CH 557.1
“And He goeth up into a mountain, and calleth unto Him whom He would: and they came unto Him. And He ordained twelve, that they should be with Him, and that He might send them forth to preach.”DA 290.1
Sometimes He taught them as they sat together on the mountainside, sometimes beside the sea, or from the fisherman's boat, sometimes as they walked by the way. Whenever He spoke to the multitude, the disciples formed the inner circle. They pressed close beside Him, that they might lose nothing of His instruction. They were attentive listeners, eager to understand the truths they were to teach in all lands and to all ages.Ed 85.1
The first pupils of Jesus were chosen from the ranks of the common people. They were humble, unlettered men, these fishers of Galilee; men unschooled in the learning and customs of the rabbis, but trained by the stern discipline of toil and hardship. They were men of native ability and of teachable spirit; men who could be instructed and molded for the Saviour's work. In the common walks of life there is many a toiler patiently treading the round of his daily tasks, unconscious of latent powers that, roused to action, would place him among the world's great leaders. Such were the men who were called by the Saviour to be His colaborers. And they had the advantage of three years’ training by the greatest educator this world has ever known.Ed 85.2
In these first disciples was presented a marked diversity. They were to be the world's teachers, and they represented widely varied types of character. There were Levi Matthew the publican, called from a life of business activity, and subservience to Rome; the zealot Simon, the uncompromising foe of the imperial authority; the impulsive, self-sufficient, warmhearted Peter, with Andrew his brother; Judas the Judean, polished, capable, and mean-spirited; Philip and Thomas, faithful and earnest, yet slow of heart to believe; James the less and Jude, of less prominence among the brethren, but men of force, positive both in their faults and in their virtues; Nathanael, a child in sincerity and trust; and the ambitious, loving-hearted sons of Zebedee.Ed 85.3
